Epidemiology Corner
June 9, 2000
Heat-related illnesses
When temperatures rise, the risk of heat-related illnesses also increases. The human body is cooled by the evaporation of perspiration and respiration. When it is hot and humid (a normal summer day in Houston), the evaporation of perspiration is slowed by the increased moisture in the air. When humidity is high and the body is not able to cool adequately, heat-related illnesses may occur. The symptoms for each are:
•SUNBURN – Redness and pain in the skin. When there is severe sunburn, there may be swelling, blisters, fever and headache.
•HEAT CRAMPS – Heavy perspiration and painful spasms usually in the legs or abdomen.
•HEAT EXHAUSTION – Perfuse perspiration, weakness, cold, clammy, pale skin. The pulse is thready and the person may faint and/or vomit.
•HEATSTROKE/SUNSTROKE – High body temperature (106 F or higher) with hot, dry, flushed skin, confusion and possibly unconsciousness.
•To avoid heat-related illnesses stay indoors in air-conditioned areas when possible or if you have to go outside:
•Use sunscreen (SPF-30 minimum), wear a wide-brim hat or use an umbrella.
•Wear lightweight, light-colored, loose fitting clothes.
•Drink extra water, juices and drink less tea, coffee, alcoholic and carbonated beverages.
•If your home is not air-conditioned, go to facilities that are air-conditioned during the heat of the day, such as malls, libraries, multi-service centers and movie theaters.
•Never leave a person or pet inside a closed car without ventilation.
The people at greatest risk for developing heat related-illnesses are the elderly, the very young and those with underlying medical problems when they are not able to have the benefit of air conditioning. Seek medical attention if you or someone you know develops any of the above symptoms during the approaching summer season.